Anesthesia
Anesthesia is used by doctors in surgeries. Thanks to anesthesia doctors are able to perform painless medical procedures that would otherwise cause severe or intolerable pain.
American physician Crawford W. Long noticed that his friends felt no pain when they injured themselves while staggering around under the influence of diethyl ether. He immediately thought of its potential in surgery. Conveniently, a student named James Venable, had two small tumors he wanted excised. But fearing the pain of surgery, Venable kept putting the operation off. Hence, Long suggested that he have his operation while under the influence of ether. Venable agreed, and on 30 March 1842 he underwent a painless operation. However, Long did not announce his discovery until 1849.
To sum up, anesthesia is one of the most useful discoveries of all time. It's difficult to imagine modern medicine without them.
BY : Aimar
The periodic table
The periodic table was the dream of life of Dimitri Mendeléyev. At first he failed to do it but he had a dream in which all the elements fit into place.It arranges the chemical elements according to their atomic number , and groups them in such a way that the elements with similar behaviors share the same column.
It is important because allows you to know in depth the elements that surround you and helps you to classify them according to their behavior and their form.
Was created one afternoon in February, in 1869, when the expert worked hard on his project.
An advantages is that allows the rapid identification of an element knowing its atomic number, and a disadvantage is that there were some elements that did not meet the increasing order of their atomic weights.
BY : Dragos
ANESTHESIA
There were cruel and crude forms of anesthesia since 70 A.D. A Roman physician named Pedanius Dioscorides used opium and mandrake. In China there was and still is acupuncture, and around the world alcohol was used, but vomiting was an unworkable side effect.
When people started working seriously with anesthesia they began with nitrous oxide and ether. An English chemist discovered that nitrous oxide relieved his headache and dental pain. An American dentist extracted his own teeth under nitrous oxide, but Horace Wells failed in a public demonstration because the anesthesia bag was withdrawn early and the patient felt pain.
Anesthesia is now used for any type of operation.
BY: Gabriela
ELECTRICITY
Electricity has changed our lifes. Thanks to this discovery we can wach TV, use internet, see in the dark... It is very important in our life because we use it every day at every time.
Electricity was in 1752 discovered by Benjamin Franklin. He discovered it while he was making a experiment that was to tie a key to a rope and throw it into the air during a storm.
Just think about it, what would we do without electricity?
BY: Nicoleta
In December, 1954, the first successful kidney transplant was carried out by Dr Joseph Murray and Dr David Hume in Boston, USA. Was the first instance where
the recipient of an organ transplant survived the operation.
The turning point came when various technical issues were overcome, such as vascular anastomosis, placement of the kidney and immune response.
Aside from saving thousands of lives in the following years, transplant procedures have also become increasingly innovative and complex , with doctors successfully completing the first hand transplant in 1998 and full-face transplant in 2021.
BY: Elena
The light bulb
Everyone at home uses light bulbs in order to see in the dark at night or when we don't have much light. Thanks to this invention, many of us can continue working or entertaining during the night without any problem.
The first light bulb was invented in 1802 by Humphry Davy. He experimented with electricity and invented an electric battery. When he connected wires to his battery and a piece of carbon, the carbon glowed, producing light. But while it produced light, it didn’t produce it for long and was much too bright for practical use. With the pass of time, hopefully, this creation has improved, and we can use them for a long time.
It may look like this invention hasn't got any disadvantages, but it does have. If we aren't careful with the use of these, we can get a great bill or even get injured. The light bulbs are very fragile.
To sum up, the light bulb is one of the most important invention of all time, but we have to use them correctly.
BY: Ismene
Penicillin is a member of a group of antibiotics that are widely used to treat bacterial infections. Before the introduction of antibiotics, there were no effective treatments for infections caused by bacteria, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea or rheumatic fever. But the drug's accidental discovery in the late 1920s by Alexander Fleming brought with it a new age of medicine.
So revolutionary was it, that, in fact, it started to be called a "miracle drug" that could save lives and effectively treat a variety of infectious diseases. Fleming, the accidental discoverer of this medicine, however, didn't have the resources to fully develop it into a usable form. For more than a decade, other scientists tried to purify penicillin but were unsuccessful. Then in 1939, Howard Florey, a pathology professor at Oxford University, read Fleming's paper in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology and funded and developed it, resulting in the later widely used medicine.
What penicillin does is kill bacteria by way of stripping them of an essential enzyme they require to multiply and strengthen their cell walls, thus preventing them from reproducing and making it easier for the body to fight the infection. So effective was it, that it dropped the death rate from bacterial infections in soldiers from 18% to 1%. In 1945, Fleming, Florey and Florey's colleague, Ernst Chain, received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their discovery of penicillin.
To sum up, I'd say that penicillin has been one of -if not the most- revolutionary and important discoveries in medicine, saving countless soldiers' lives and helping millions of people all over the world treat and cure many diseases previously thought incurable.
| BY: Ekain |
Anesthesia
Before the first use of a general anaesthetic in the mid-19th century, surgery was undertaken only as a last resort, with several patients opting for death during the excruciating ordeal.
William T. G. Morton made history in 1846 when he successfully used during surgery. Soon after, a faster-acting substance called chloroform became widely used, but was considered high-risk after several fatalities were reported.
Over the 150 years since,safer anaesthetics have been developed,allowing millions of life-saving,painless operations to take place.
BY: Emil
Anesthesia
Anesthesia is one of the most important leads in the history of medicine.Surgical interventions save thousands of lives a day, but before patients were completely anesthetized, many died from trauma or even preferred death to going through the swallow of an operation.
Crawford W. Long, a physician and pharmacist based in Georgia, realized after attending parties, ether was consumed as a drug.That made him think that it would have anesthetic effects, and on March 30, 1842 he used ether to remove a tumor from the neck.
Anesthesia prevents patients from feeling pain during surgery. For example, when someone is going to have an operation in the neck, the put anesthesia to don't have pain. An advantage of this is that you dont have to worry about the pain. A disvantage, if you use a lot of time you can have headache because of the loss of liquid.
To sum up, anesthesia is one os the most useful discoveries of all the time.
BY: Joane
LAPTOP COMPUTER
The laptop computer is a small compact personal computer with a screen mounted on the upper lid and a clamshell keyboard on the lower one. This gadget includes all the components of a traditional computer in a compact way that may sometimes result in a reduced performance.
The first laptop was imagined by Alan Kay. It was first described as a portable information manipulator but it was not until September of 1975 when the first laptop was made.
The laptop has made having a personal computer on your hands more reliable and is used by many students and workers so they don't have to acces a traditional PC whenever they wanted to search for information or do their chores.
The main advantages of the laptop is its reliability. You can use it anywhere at anytime. The fact mentioned before also carries a disadvantage: The battery life.
BY: Gorka
Emil from Marta Martín
The aspirine from Marta Martín
Aimar arruti from Marta Martín
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